The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.

From the smart electric power grid and electronic health records to atomic clocks, advanced nanomaterials, and computer chips, innumerable products and services rely in some way on technology, measurement, and standards provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Today, NIST measurements support the smallest of technologies to the largest and most complex of human-made creations—from nanoscale devices so tiny that tens of thousands can fit on the end of a single human hair up to earthquake-resistant skyscrapers and global communication networks.

Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL)
Experiments have been conducted in the NFPA 269 / ASTM E1678 radiant apparatus to determine the sensitivity of toxic gas generation to atmospheric oxygen availability and to the conformation of the test specimen. CO and HCN generation can be dependent on the conformation of the test specimen. Thus, it is important that the test specimen exposure to the radiant source adhere to the likely real-fire exposure of the finished goods. Reducing the initial oxygen volume fraction in the apparatus can affect CO and HCN generation, but does not appear to affect the HCl generation. Fitting the bench-scale test conditions to the full-scale fire ventilation conditions is likely to be important in obtaining good correlations of toxic gas generation.

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